If you have this error and you did all of those things:
- reinstalled DLLs,
- checked custom aspx if they reference any misspelled DLLs,
- removed one by one all the custom solutions,
- ran the “SharePoint Products and Technologies Configuration Wizard”,
- thought “Let’s go for a lunch and then reinstall this machine”
Check the web.config Best thing would be to take it from other machine and compare with a diff tool.
Take a look at what was wrong in our case:

Lesson learned!